While most people are aware of the DSM (Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders), there exists another tool that practitioners use for diagnosis. That tool is the International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision (ICD-10), which provides criteria for diagnosing depression under its section for mental and behavioral disorders. Here are the key criteria for diagnosing a depressive episode according to ICD-10:
Major Criteria (Core Symptoms)
A diagnosis of a depressive episode requires the presence of at least two of the following core symptoms for at least two weeks:
1. Depressed Mood: Persistent sadness or low mood, nearly every day.
2. Loss of Interest or Pleasure: Markedly diminished interest or pleasure in all, or almost all, activities.
3. Decreased Energy or Fatigue: Feeling tired or having less energy nearly every day.
Additional Criteria (Associated Symptoms)
In addition to the core symptoms, several other symptoms must be present. The number required varies by the severity of the depressive episode:
• Mild Depression: At least two core symptoms and two additional symptoms.
• Moderate Depression: At least two core symptoms and four additional symptoms.
• Severe Depression: All three core symptoms and five or more additional symptoms.
The additional symptoms include:
1. Reduced Concentration and Attention
2. Reduced Self-esteem and Self-confidence
3. Feelings of Guilt and Worthlessness
4. Bleak and Pessimistic Views of the Future
5. Ideas or Acts of Self-harm or Suicide
6. Disturbed Sleep
7. Diminished Appetite
Functional Impairment
The symptoms must cause significant distress or impairment in social, occupational, or other important areas of functioning.
Exclusion Criteria
The symptoms should not be attributable to the physiological effects of a substance or another medical condition. Also, the episode should not be better explained by a bipolar affective disorder.
Do you meet the ICD-10 criteria for Depression?
If you found that you met the criteria described above by the ICD-10 for depression, it may be helpful to look into mental health treatment! Here at The MindCounsel, we can provide psychiatric evaluations and treatment for depression. If you are interested, please book an appointment with our psychiatrist here!
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